Overview

Knee tendonitis refers to inflammation or irritation involving a tendon around the knee. Tendons are strong bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones and help transfer force as the knee moves. Repetitive stress can overload these tissues, resulting in pain and reduced function.

One of the most common forms is patellar tendonitis, sometimes called jumper's knee, which affects the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone. The quadriceps tendon above the kneecap can also become irritated or injured.

Symptoms & Causes

Knee tendonitis commonly causes pain near the front of the knee, often just above or below the kneecap. Symptoms may start during exercise but can become more persistent as the condition progresses. Patients may notice tenderness, stiffness or discomfort when running, jumping, climbing stairs, squatting or rising from a seated position.

Tendon problems frequently develop when repetitive activity places more stress on the tissue than it can adequately recover from. Sudden increases in training intensity, repetitive jumping or running, muscle tightness or weakness, and changes in activity can contribute. Although "tendonitis" is commonly used to describe these conditions, persistent tendon pain may involve degenerative changes within the tendon rather than inflammation alone.

Affected Populations

Knee tendonitis frequently affects athletes participating in running and jumping sports such as basketball, volleyball and track and field, but it is not limited to competitive athletes. Recreational exercise, physically demanding work and sudden increases in activity can also place excessive stress on the tendons.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically begins with a discussion of symptoms and activities followed by a physical examination to identify the location of pain and evaluate knee strength, flexibility and movement. X-rays may help rule out other causes of knee pain. Ultrasound or MRI may be recommended when additional evaluation of the tendon or surrounding structures is needed.

Treatment

Most cases are initially treated without surgery. Treatment may include modifying aggravating activities, ice, appropriate medications and physical therapy focused on flexibility, strength and progressive tendon loading. Gradually returning to activity can help prevent recurring symptoms. Persistent symptoms may require additional evaluation and other treatment options based on the condition of the tendon. Because several knee conditions can cause similar symptoms, an accurate diagnosis can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan.